 Nanjing Museum is one of the museums that our country is established first. The predecessor of Nanjing Museum was the preparatory department of the National Museum, which established in 1933, under the purpose of Mr. Cai Yuanpei, who are the modern democratic revolutionary, educationist and the president of the national academe under central authorities of state. He have held the president of the first council concurrently in person and taken over the land for use of 12.9 hectares in the Half Hill Garden of t Zhongshan Gate. He proposed to build three major halls of" humanity ", " craft " and "nature " originally. Because of the current political situation, only "the humane hall" has been established. This is just the present audience hall of Nanjing Museum. At that time through purchasing, appropriating, exploring, Nanjing Museum centralized national the first class national treasure in the amounts of two hundred thousand to three hundred thousand, including " the portrait of emperors and empresses in the past dynasties ", " Sichuan Province visiting of emperor Tangming, " of painting; rare national treasures, such as " Mao Gong Din", " Simuwu Pot " in the bronze, etc. Many famous expert gathered here, for instance, Li Ji, Wu Jinding, Xia Nai, Zeng Zhaoyu Wang Tianmu etc. In the period of the national southwest investigation in Anti-Japanese War, they have being work for archaeology, exploring and national investigation, publishing a lot of monograph such as “the archaeology report of Cang’er in Yunnan Province”, “dictionary of pictograph”, “museum” etc. dictionary ", " museum " etc. Beiping History Museum used to belong to central museum and become the branch for a time. Nanjing Museum, subordinating by Ministry of Education at that time, was the comprehensive large-scale museum, which followed example of the first class museum of American and Europe at that time.
After new China is established in 1949, Nanjing Museum, still with the name of " National Central Museum ", entered a new historical stage by the direct leader of central Ministry of Culture. On March 9, 1950, it changed into " the state-run Nanjing Museum" formally by the approval of Ministry of Culture, keeping being the national comprehensive historical art museum, This museum, with the funds allocated by the central authorities, was led by the cultural relics administration of Ministry of Culture, taking up the task assigned directly by Ministry of Culture, for instance, exhumation of the two imperial tombs of South Tang, the mausoleum investigation of the Six Dynasties etc.
After the large district of East China pulling out on September 1954, the Nanjing Museum changed to be led by Jiangsu Government cultural bureau. As the national comprehensive historical art museum, it is one of the national key museums
It should especially pointing out that over the past 50 years since the state has founded, following the leadership of the Party and government at all levels, the staff have made joint efforts to get a more outstandingachievement especially after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central committee of the CPC (1978). Repairing and decorating the unfinished project of building that the former central museum leaves was the first, following a series of steps including bedding the golden yellow glazed tiles on the roof, adding the imitative palace gate of Han dynasty, repairing the road in front of the front yard, afforesting the surrounding environment and building the railway platform in front of the audience hall. The door is faced with a tree-covered walkways leading to the east suburb, where located Ming Xiao Imperial Tomb. In front of Nanjing Museum, the Shanghai-Nanjing expressway enters the flourishing distinct of the city. Indoors, wide flower garden verdant and thick trees served as a foil to the dignity and magnificence of the imitative palace of the Liao Dynasty, which applied for displaying.
Besides Zhongshan Gate and the Chaotian Palace, a modernized new store house with the area of 3000㎡ have been established by the right side of the hall in recent years, making the condition for preservation of the historical relic improved greatly. The new exhibition room of the ground floor of the hall, connected with the second floor, which designed according to the paper of art in the thirties with the total area of 2400 square meters, has already built up too. The hall together with the second floor occupied the area of 2390㎡at present, hold 3 display open to audience throughout the year basically , including “the 5,000 year civilization exhibition of lower reaches of Yangtze River ", “our yesterdays –the exhibition of the national history, nationality and culture”, " display of Jiangsu archaeological studies ". In the front , a palatial artistic exhibition hall similar with the original hall was in the west ,which was just the craft hall in the original plan in the thirties with the area of 12,600 ㎡, setting up 11 special exhibition hall such as Modern Art Hall, Ancient Chinese Jade Hall, Ancient Chinese Painting Hall, Ancient Chinese Lacquer Hall, Jiangnan Silk Product Hall, Treasure Hall, Qing Garden, Sculpture, Ancient Chinese Earthen Ware Hall, Bronze Ware Hall and Folk Art Hall. 
The collection work has further development too. There are various kinds of 420.000 pieces of collection totally, among which are more than 2,000 pieces of the national first-class culture relic and the national most favorite treasures. The relics from archaeological excavation, ethnic minority historical relic, foreign historical relic, palace ware, documents in Qing dynasty and historical relic of Japanese invader in surrender rite, all of them are national unique rare products, which the scientific value is relatively high. The collection of books of china and foreign countries in the museum has reached to nearly 300,000 volumes, among them there are national rare valuable books and hall edition books. Ancient calligraphy and painting that collect newly over the years, have reached the total amount in 30,000 above also, including the treasures in Song and Yuan dynasties. No matter on the quantity or on quality, they come out top around the country. The Daxian village ancient stone implement of the East Sea in China, which unearthed newly after the foundation of the state, the ancient painted pottery of Qiu County, the bronze ware in the time of Westen Zhou and Chunqiu unearthed from Yizheng, Dantu snag Lvhe, the Golden Beast of Western Han Dynasty from Xuyu, the silk jade clothes and the golden seal of “Guangling King “from an emperor tomb of Eastern Han Dynasty in Xuzhou and Yangzhou, the celadon porcelain and “seven bamboo grove virtuous and honor” mural painting of brick engraving in Nanjing and Danyang of the six Dynasties and the pottery shaped of the image of dancer and reader from two tombs of Southern Tang Dynasty in Zutang Mountain of Nanjing are all treasures attracted attention by the domestic and international academia. The archaeological studies participated in in recent years, such as the Zhao Mausoleum in Kun Mountain, Longqiu Village in Gaoyou, the Tang City in Yangzhou, the mausoleum of emperor Chu of Western Han Dynasty in the Lion Mountain of Xuzhou and the noble's graveyard of Wu and Shu in Zhen Mountain of Suzhou, appraised as ten major archaeological discoveries of the whole country and obtained the honorable mention in succession during the State's Eighth Five-Year Plan period. " Spreading in the south of Buddhism " cooperating with academic unit of Japan, " early rice terraces ruins archaeological studies ", "research on the bone of southern people " obtain attractive attention both at home and abroad.
While displaying well basically, the museum hold various kinds of thematic exhibitions, reached the total amount about 300 and the audience is up to 12 million which including more than 500,000 overseas audience, and have great influence all over five world continents. With opening to the outside world in recent year, Nanjing Museum carry on international cultural exchanges in Japan, German, Egypt, Mexico, Soviet Union , Belgium , S. Korea Australia, Hong Kong , Macao and Taiwan , Korea S. , Australia ,etc, and made the greatest efforts and positive contribution in national culture propagation.
The investigation of national folklore and collection work are another characteristic of the organization's construction of Nanjing Museum, which is the only organization that set up national folklore study institution. It originated from the forties in the surveys of ethnic minorities, such as Yi, Nahsi, Miao , Dai , Lisu ,etc.in Sichuan, Guizhou Province ,etc., and carry on the special survey to folk custom , local trait of the Han nationality in Tai Hu area mainly in recent years, and made the gratifying achievement.
The technical research of historical relic's protection started during the middle and later seventies. In the past 10 years there was14 projects such as " old paper protect technology ", " NMF-1 defended the mould pharmaceutical " , " Chinese herbal medicine insecticide of medicine made of two or more ingredients " obtain various kinds of prize by the country , Ministry of Culture and Culture Bureau of Jiangsu Province. In other scientific research projects, it also have made the gratifying achievement, for instance, publishing 800 various kinds of treatises successively according to the incomplete statistics research projects, among which " two imperial tombs of south Tang ", " exploration report of the stone tomb in Yinan of Han Dynasty", " art of the Six Dynasties", " the record of collected treasure in Nanjing museum ", " Chinese rarity", “the brilliance of the orient world-commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the finding of culture” , such monographs with higher scientific nature has great influence at home and abroad. What’s more, another 11 theses win the second-class and the third-class award by the Social Sciences Institution of Jiangsu Province, 9 theses obtain the first, the second and the third-class award by the Culture Bureau of Jiangsu Province as the first scientific findings. The " southeast culture " magazine that the institute ran has already been chosen as one of 10 kinds outstanding social sciences magazines inside the province for the third time in succession. Also it has succeeded in running many kinds of scientific seminars in recent years. Other factors, su ch as the environment, the photography, calligraphy works, security and safeguard, are commended by the government too.
Association of Provincial Museum, archaeological association, folk custom association and Wu Culture association are all affiliated to Nanjing Museum, and the organization has launched a large number of academic activities. "Appraisal of national historical relic Leaving the country, Jiangsu branch " set up here too. What’s more, the graduate students, and undergraduates for more than 10 universities, such as Nanjing University, Xiamen University, Zhongshan University, Fudan University, etc., are practiced and coached here. It is also the patriotism Education Base of students in middle and primary school in Nanjing. Entrusted by State Cultural Relics Bureau at the same time, Nanjing Museum has trained Professional personnel of cultural relics for all parts of the country. 
There are all kinds of more than 170 professional personnel in the whole institute at present, among them, high title accounts for more than 50%. There are functional departments such as archaeological research institutes, national folk custom research institute, ancient artistic research institute, technological research institute of historical relic's protection, research institute of ancient building, displaying department, preservation department, collection department, library, office, security department , service department ,etc., still there are magazine offices of " southeast culture " , publishing two kinds of magazines of " collected papers of Nanjing Museum" and " southeast culture ", disposed an organization with a complete set and the higher professional teams with good political caliber. Now "the Ninth Five-Year Plan and distant view development of 2010 of Nanjing Museum “are being put into effect.
Nanjing Museum in step with the world museum, with its modernizations, scientific processes, Specialization managing , move towards 21st century.
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